transvaginal perfusion of g-csf for infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen et program: a non-randomized clinical trial

background: we often see patients with a thin endometrium in art cycles, in spite of standard and adjuvant treatments. improving endometrial growth in patients with a thin endometrium is very difficult. without adequate endometrial thickness these patients, likely, would not have reached embryo transfer. objective: we planned this study to investigate the efficacy of intrauterine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) perfusion in improving endometrium, and possibly pregnancy rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. materials and methods: this is a non-randomized intervention clinical trial. among 68 infertile patients with thin endometrium (-7 mm) at the 12th-13th cycle day, 34 patients received g-csf. g-csf (300 microgram/1ml) to improve endometrial thickness was direct administered by slow intrauterine infusion using iui catheter. if the endometrium had not reached at least a 7-mm within 48-72 h, a second infusion was given. endometrial thickness was assessed by serial vaginal ultrasound at the most expanded area of the endometrial stripe. results: the cycle was cancelled in the patients with thin endometrium (endometrial thickness below 7mm) until 19th cycle day ultimately the cycle cancelation rate owing to thin endometrium was similar in g-csf group (15.20%), followed by (15.20%) in the control group (p=1.00). the endometrial growth was not different within 2 groups, an improvement was shown between controlled and g-csf cotreated groups, with chemical (39.30% vs. 14.30%) and clinical pregnancy rates (32.10% vs. 12.00%) although were not significant. conclusion: our study fails to demonstrate that g-csf has the potential to improve endometrial thickness but has the potential to improve chemical and clinical pregnancy rate of the infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle